Kasaragod (Kannada: ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು, Malayalam: കാസര്ഗോഡ് ജില്ല): is one of the districts of the Indian state of Kerala.
Kasaragod District was organised as a separate district on 24 May 1984.[1] It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is named after Kasaragod Town which is the administrative headquarters of the district.
In recorded history's ancient period, Kasaragod was known to the Arabs by the name Harkwillia.[2] Many Arab travelers who visited Kerala between the 9th and the 14th centuries visited Kasaragod, which was an important trade centre then. Duarte Borbosa, the Portuguese traveler who visited Kumbla, near Kasaragod in 1514, recorded rice being exported for coir to Maldives.[2] Dr. Francis Buccanan, who was the family doctor of Arthur Wellesley, visited Kasaragod in 1800.[2] In his travelogue, he recorded information on places like Athiraparambu, Kavvai, Nileshwaram, Bekal, Chandragiri and Manjeshwaram.[2]
Chandragiri bridge which connects Kasaragod town to Chemnad Panchayath.The Northernmost parts of Kasaragod District were once within the territory of the Tuluva kingdom, while the Central and Southern parts were ruled by the Mushika/Kolathiri/Chirakkal Royal Family of North Kerala. Then, according to local legends, there were 32 Malayalam and 32 Tulu villages in this region.[2] When the Vijayanagara empire attacked Kasaragod, it was still under the Kolathiri Raja who had Nileshwaram as one of his capitals. During the decline of the Vijayanagara empire, the administration of this area was vested with Ikkery Naiks.[2] At the onset of collapse of the Vijayanagara empire, Vengappa Naik declared independence to Ikkery. Kumbla, Chandragiri and Bekal are considered to be the chain of forts constructed or renovated by Shivappa Naik.[2] In 1763, Hyder Ali conquered Bedanoor (Bidnur), the capital of the Ikkery Naiks. His son Tippu Sultan conquered much of Malabar. As per the Sreerangapattanam Treaty of 1792, Tippu surrendered Malabar, except Tulunadu (Canara) to the British. The British got Tulunadu only after the death of Tippu Sultan.[2]
Kasaragod taluk (now a full-fledged district in Kerala) was part of the South Kanara district of Madras Presidency until 1956. During the reorganization of states in 1956, Kasaragod was given away to Kerala, supposedly in compensation for another piece of territory ceded by the newly-formed Kerala state to Madras state (now Tamil Nadu). The late Sardar K M Panikkar was being held responsible for this part of a calculated move. (For this very reason, his appointment as vice chancellor to Mysore University was being resented by Kannadigas.) [3]. It is considered an irony of sorts that K.M. Panikkar, a Malayalee himself, was the chairman of the committee to decide upon the status of Kasaragod. Hardly anyone can expect an impartial judgment in such a scenario.
The landscape is dominated by the characteristic coconut palms accompanying rolling hills and streams flowing into the sea. The landscape is dotted with tiled-roof buildings, topped with the famous Kasaragod tiles made with the local hard red clay and typically walled with laterite blocks. Older houses are commonly found with elaborate woodwork. Kasaragod district consists of two taluks viz., Kasaragod and Hosdurg (Kanhangad).
Kasargod district is one of the rare districts in India which houses as many as 7 different languages (excluding dialects and tribal languages), with each spoken by a substantial number of people.[6]
The administrative language is Malayalam. Tulu, Beary bashe, Kannada, Marathi and Konkani are also spoken.[6] The Malayalam spoken here has influences from Beary bashe and also from the languages of Tulu, Kannada, Konkani and Urdu.
Bekal Fort Beach
Another look at the Bekal FortKasaragod district surrounded by three forest districts - in the north by Dakshina Kannada (one NP and 2 wildlife sanctuaries), in the east by Kodagu (one NP and two wildlife sancturaies), and in the south by Kannur (one wildlife sanctuary and one elephant corridor). Even then, the forest officials of this district have not sent any proposal to the state forest department or the Central Government for setting up a sanctuary here, although shola, evergreen and mangrove forests exist in abundance.
Kasaragod district is very rich in vegetation. Natural vegetation, except in some coastal regions, consists of different types of forests. But in spite of generally favourable climatic conditions, vegetation is not uniform. In restricted regions, with their own micro climate or special edaphic features, plant formations assume different characters. Thus, plant communities, ranging from psammophytes and mangroves to evergreen forests are seen here.
Ranipuram Wildlife sanctaury (50 km2, proposed)
In Panathady RF, the proposed Ranipuram Wildlife sanctuary / National park of Kanhangad forest range consists of various flora and fauna which are endemic to the Western Ghats and a yet to studied biodiversity hotspot. It merges with the Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary. Ranipuram hill station which falls in Panathady reserve forest is an ideal area to notify as a wild life sanctuary/National park. Shola forest seen only here in this district. Elephants, leopards, deer, wild dogs, wild boars, macaques, jungle cats, Leopard cats slender loris, porcupines, malabar giant squirrels, malabar civet cat, many species of birds, rare butterflies and medicinal plants are found in these forest.
Most of these highly endangered animals are killed by people due to lack of conversational awareness or to protect their crops. Ranipuram wild life sanctuary will be in contiguous to Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka. If it is declared as a wild life sanctuary, it will enhance the tourism industry of this district along with Ranipuram hill station/Biodiversity park. Declaring it as a wildlife sanctuary is the only way to protect this Westernghat biodiversity hotspot and permanent solution for Encroachment, Poaching, hunting in night, mining, Illegal tree felling which are main threats for this park.
The proposed Munnamkadavu Dam may very useful to create a fresh water and wetland ecosystem and sanctuary for wild crocodile, otter, endangered fish and water birds. Afforestation around the catchment area of dam reservoir will help to create another new wildlife sanctuary here in future and recreate lost wild elephant corridor.
Malom Wildlife Sanctuary (5 km2)
Malom reserve forest of Kanhangad range consists of Tropical rainforest and many wild animals like as rhesus monkey, wild pig, flying squirrels, slender loris, porcupine, and birds like peacock, Malabar hornbill and grey horn bill are seen. Snakes like cobras, python and king cobras reported. It is 28 km away east of Kanhangad in Balal-Kallar panchayath.
Adoor wildlife sanctuary (2 km2)
A Fragmented, Adoor reserve forest which spreads about 2 km2 in Kasaragod district is the home for endangered animals like jungle cat, slender loris, wild pig, porcupine, turtles, peacock, Malabar horn bill, butterflies, medicinal plants and wet evergreen forest. Illicit tree felling, hunting, encroachment are main threats for this sanctuary. It is about 35 km east of Kasaragod town in Adoor-Kuttikol panchayath.
Parappa wildlife sanctuary (2 km2)
A fragmented RF, Parappa reserve forest of Kanhangad range are home for jungle cats, slender loris, wild pig, porcupine, turtles, peacock, Malabar horn bill, butterflies, medicinal plants and wet evergreen forest. Illicit tree felling, hunting, encroachment are main threats for this sanctuary. It is about 22 km East of Chervathur town
Kammadam sacred grove wildlife sanctuary (50 acres)
Kammadam kavu, related with Bhagavathi temple, is the biggest sacred grove of Kerala and rich in wildlife, evergreen forest, orchids, medicinal plants and shrubs. Wild animals like Jungle cat, monitor lizard, civets, fox, bats, snakes, various species of birds and butterflies seen. It is 25 km east of Kanhangad town.
Kareem's Forest park (32 acres)
India's first private sanctuary which spreads across 32 acres (130,000 m2) and rich in diverse species of trees, medicinal plants, birds, insets, reptiles, amphibians, small wild animals, microorganisms and so on. People from different walks of life environmentalists, scientists, University and Ayurveda students, and laymen, all over the country visit his forest park for practical experience and study purpose. He is also multiplying and distributing the seeds and saplings of forest trees and medicinal plants and help our mother earth and help the nation to convert waste lands in to thick forests by replicating his efforts without involving additional coasts.
The park is situated at Puliyamkulam, near Parappa. It is 23 km away east of kanhangad town. Frequent bus service available.
Thalangara Children's Park
Located 4 km from Kasargod Town, Thalangara West, is located right next to the Fishing Harbour. Many water birds, spotted snakes, foxes also reported.
...BANGOD bay park located 5 km away from kasaragod town,a buitiful park near to a mosque and madeena manzil, it is the best place for children's to enjoy and have fun in watergames etc.. this has a very wondurful garden with lovely flowers and many more funs...
The agrarian struggle to end the exploitation and oppression by landlords and chieftains were part of the National Movement. The Kadakom Sathyagraha was started following the arrest of Gandhiji in 1932. The Palayi Harvest Agitation (1941), Cheemeni Estate Struggle (1942), Kayyur Agrarian Riot (1944), Eleri Estate Agitation (1946), Karinthalam Paddy Seizure Revolt (1948) and many other struggles waged by the peasant organisations accelerated the tempo of the freedom movement. Besides the agitation of the peasants, the various struggles unleashed for the uplift of the scheduled castes and tribes also supported and enlivened the National Movement.
Kasaragod District was organised as a separate district on 24 May 1984.[1] It is the northernmost district of Kerala and is named after Kasaragod Town which is the administrative headquarters of the district.
Overview
To its south lies Kannur District and to the north the Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state. All along its east it is walled by the Western Ghats while along the west the Arabian Sea borders it. The district, covering an area of around 1992 km², has a population (2001 census) of 1,203,342 and has two taluks, namely, Kasaragod and Hosdurg both being municipalities as well; seventy-five villages; thirty-nine [Grama]panchayats. The district is further sub-divided into six administrative segments called development blocks, namely, Manjeshwar, Kasaragod, Kanhangad, and Nileshwar, Parappa, Karadukka[. Like other districts of Kerala, Kasaragod district too has a high literacy rate, around 85.17%. People from southern Kerala generally find it difficult to understand the Malayalam spoken here. Kasaragod district has Arabian sea to the west and Western ghats to the east.In recorded history's ancient period, Kasaragod was known to the Arabs by the name Harkwillia.[2] Many Arab travelers who visited Kerala between the 9th and the 14th centuries visited Kasaragod, which was an important trade centre then. Duarte Borbosa, the Portuguese traveler who visited Kumbla, near Kasaragod in 1514, recorded rice being exported for coir to Maldives.[2] Dr. Francis Buccanan, who was the family doctor of Arthur Wellesley, visited Kasaragod in 1800.[2] In his travelogue, he recorded information on places like Athiraparambu, Kavvai, Nileshwaram, Bekal, Chandragiri and Manjeshwaram.[2]
Recorded History
Kasaragod taluk (now a full-fledged district in Kerala) was part of the South Kanara district of Madras Presidency until 1956. During the reorganization of states in 1956, Kasaragod was given away to Kerala, supposedly in compensation for another piece of territory ceded by the newly-formed Kerala state to Madras state (now Tamil Nadu). The late Sardar K M Panikkar was being held responsible for this part of a calculated move. (For this very reason, his appointment as vice chancellor to Mysore University was being resented by Kannadigas.) [3]. It is considered an irony of sorts that K.M. Panikkar, a Malayalee himself, was the chairman of the committee to decide upon the status of Kasaragod. Hardly anyone can expect an impartial judgment in such a scenario.
Geography
The district is the northern most district of state of Kerala. Kasaragod is located at 12°30′N 75°00′E / 12.5°N 75.0°E.[4] It has an average elevation of 19 metres (62 feet).
The landscape is dominated by the characteristic coconut palms accompanying rolling hills and streams flowing into the sea. The landscape is dotted with tiled-roof buildings, topped with the famous Kasaragod tiles made with the local hard red clay and typically walled with laterite blocks. Older houses are commonly found with elaborate woodwork. Kasaragod district consists of two taluks viz., Kasaragod and Hosdurg (Kanhangad).
Demographics
As of 2001[update] India census,[5] Kasaragod had a population of 12,03342. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kasaragod has an average literacy rate of 79%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 76%. In Kasaragod, 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. LanguagesKasargod district is one of the rare districts in India which houses as many as 7 different languages (excluding dialects and tribal languages), with each spoken by a substantial number of people.[6]
The administrative language is Malayalam. Tulu, Beary bashe, Kannada, Marathi and Konkani are also spoken.[6] The Malayalam spoken here has influences from Beary bashe and also from the languages of Tulu, Kannada, Konkani and Urdu.
Tourist attractions
See also: Kasaragod Town
Kasaragod is the one of the most beautiful districts in Kerala state endowed with 11 rivers (out of a total of the 44 rivers that flow in Kerala), hills, beaches, backwaters, as well as temples, churches, mosques and forts.- Bekal Fort - It is the biggest fort in Kerala today and is 14 km from Kanhangad and 10 km from Kasaragod town. The nearest railway station is Pallikere railway station, which is now called the Bekal Fort Railway Station, and the nearest airport is Mangalore Airport.
- Ananthapura Lake Temple, an ancient and attractive-looking temple, dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
- Mallikarjuna Temple is another temple in the heart of Kasargod Town and is dedicated to Sri Krishna.
- Ranipuram - A conglomerate of grassy hills near Panathady Town and linked to Kanhangad by Kanhangad-Panathur state highway.
- Kottencheri hills - Located near Talakaveri which is the starting point of the Kaveri river. It is 36 km from Kanhangad Town.
- Valiyaparamba Backwaters.
Pilgrim centres
- Ananthapura Lake Temple an ancient and attractive-looking temple dedicated to Lord Vishnu.
- Madhur Ganapathy Temple is an architecturally impressive structure.
- Mallikarjuna Temple is another temple in the heart of Kasargod Town and is dedicated to Sri Krishna.
- Palakunnu Bhagavathi temple.
- Mallam Temple.
- Mallik Deenar Mosque.
- Bela Church, also known as Our Lady of Sorrows Church, is a Roman Catholic church located 14 km north of Kasaragod and 50 km south of Mangalore. It was built in 1890 and is thus the oldest extant church in the district. This Gothic Revival Roman Catholic church, which is under the Mangalore Diocese, recently celebrated its centenary when it was also renovated. Bela Catholic Parish is also one of the oldest existing parishes of the Diocese of Mangalore. The mother tongue of the Catholics is Konkani.
Fauna and Flora
Kasaragod district is very rich in vegetation. Natural vegetation, except in some coastal regions, consists of different types of forests. But in spite of generally favourable climatic conditions, vegetation is not uniform. In restricted regions, with their own micro climate or special edaphic features, plant formations assume different characters. Thus, plant communities, ranging from psammophytes and mangroves to evergreen forests are seen here.
Ranipuram Wildlife sanctaury (50 km2, proposed)
In Panathady RF, the proposed Ranipuram Wildlife sanctuary / National park of Kanhangad forest range consists of various flora and fauna which are endemic to the Western Ghats and a yet to studied biodiversity hotspot. It merges with the Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary. Ranipuram hill station which falls in Panathady reserve forest is an ideal area to notify as a wild life sanctuary/National park. Shola forest seen only here in this district. Elephants, leopards, deer, wild dogs, wild boars, macaques, jungle cats, Leopard cats slender loris, porcupines, malabar giant squirrels, malabar civet cat, many species of birds, rare butterflies and medicinal plants are found in these forest.
Most of these highly endangered animals are killed by people due to lack of conversational awareness or to protect their crops. Ranipuram wild life sanctuary will be in contiguous to Talacauvery wildlife sanctuary in Karnataka. If it is declared as a wild life sanctuary, it will enhance the tourism industry of this district along with Ranipuram hill station/Biodiversity park. Declaring it as a wildlife sanctuary is the only way to protect this Westernghat biodiversity hotspot and permanent solution for Encroachment, Poaching, hunting in night, mining, Illegal tree felling which are main threats for this park.
The proposed Munnamkadavu Dam may very useful to create a fresh water and wetland ecosystem and sanctuary for wild crocodile, otter, endangered fish and water birds. Afforestation around the catchment area of dam reservoir will help to create another new wildlife sanctuary here in future and recreate lost wild elephant corridor.
Malom Wildlife Sanctuary (5 km2)
Malom reserve forest of Kanhangad range consists of Tropical rainforest and many wild animals like as rhesus monkey, wild pig, flying squirrels, slender loris, porcupine, and birds like peacock, Malabar hornbill and grey horn bill are seen. Snakes like cobras, python and king cobras reported. It is 28 km away east of Kanhangad in Balal-Kallar panchayath.
Adoor wildlife sanctuary (2 km2)
A Fragmented, Adoor reserve forest which spreads about 2 km2 in Kasaragod district is the home for endangered animals like jungle cat, slender loris, wild pig, porcupine, turtles, peacock, Malabar horn bill, butterflies, medicinal plants and wet evergreen forest. Illicit tree felling, hunting, encroachment are main threats for this sanctuary. It is about 35 km east of Kasaragod town in Adoor-Kuttikol panchayath.
Parappa wildlife sanctuary (2 km2)
A fragmented RF, Parappa reserve forest of Kanhangad range are home for jungle cats, slender loris, wild pig, porcupine, turtles, peacock, Malabar horn bill, butterflies, medicinal plants and wet evergreen forest. Illicit tree felling, hunting, encroachment are main threats for this sanctuary. It is about 22 km East of Chervathur town
Kammadam sacred grove wildlife sanctuary (50 acres)
Kammadam kavu, related with Bhagavathi temple, is the biggest sacred grove of Kerala and rich in wildlife, evergreen forest, orchids, medicinal plants and shrubs. Wild animals like Jungle cat, monitor lizard, civets, fox, bats, snakes, various species of birds and butterflies seen. It is 25 km east of Kanhangad town.
Kareem's Forest park (32 acres)
India's first private sanctuary which spreads across 32 acres (130,000 m2) and rich in diverse species of trees, medicinal plants, birds, insets, reptiles, amphibians, small wild animals, microorganisms and so on. People from different walks of life environmentalists, scientists, University and Ayurveda students, and laymen, all over the country visit his forest park for practical experience and study purpose. He is also multiplying and distributing the seeds and saplings of forest trees and medicinal plants and help our mother earth and help the nation to convert waste lands in to thick forests by replicating his efforts without involving additional coasts.
The park is situated at Puliyamkulam, near Parappa. It is 23 km away east of kanhangad town. Frequent bus service available.
Thalangara Children's Park
Located 4 km from Kasargod Town, Thalangara West, is located right next to the Fishing Harbour. Many water birds, spotted snakes, foxes also reported.
...BANGOD bay park located 5 km away from kasaragod town,a buitiful park near to a mosque and madeena manzil, it is the best place for children's to enjoy and have fun in watergames etc.. this has a very wondurful garden with lovely flowers and many more funs...
National Movement
Kasaragod played a prominent role in the National Movement for the freedom of the country. Mohammed Sherul Sahib and Kandige Krishna Bhat were the frontline leaders of the independence movement. Umesh Rao, K. M. Krishnan Nambiar, Shreesankarji, Naranthatta Raman Nair, A. C. Kannan Nair, T. Gopalan Nair and Meloth Narayanan Nambiar were prominent freedom fighters.The agrarian struggle to end the exploitation and oppression by landlords and chieftains were part of the National Movement. The Kadakom Sathyagraha was started following the arrest of Gandhiji in 1932. The Palayi Harvest Agitation (1941), Cheemeni Estate Struggle (1942), Kayyur Agrarian Riot (1944), Eleri Estate Agitation (1946), Karinthalam Paddy Seizure Revolt (1948) and many other struggles waged by the peasant organisations accelerated the tempo of the freedom movement. Besides the agitation of the peasants, the various struggles unleashed for the uplift of the scheduled castes and tribes also supported and enlivened the National Movement.
Kasargod Distict
Administration:
| or revenue administration, Kasargod district is divided into two taluks, five firkas, and 75 villages. The only Revenue Division in the district is Kasargod and the office is at Kanhangad. The Collectorate functions at Vidyanagar in Chengala Panchayath, which is 5 Kms. from Kasargod town. |  | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Important Telephone Numbers of District Administration | |
| OFFICE AUTHORITY | Phone (Code: 04994) |
| District Collector & District Magistrate | 256400 (Office) 256600 (Resi.) Mobile : 9447496600 |
| Additional District Magistrate & Deputy Collector (General) | 255833 (Office) |
| Revenue Divisional Officer & Sub Divisional Magistrate, Kasargod at Kanhangad | 204298 (04672) (Office) 204798 (04672) (Resi.) Mobile : 9447100298 |
| Deputy Collector (LR) | 255211 |
| Deputy Collector (RR) | 255010 |
| Deputy Collector (Housing) | 255010 |
| Deputy Collector (Election) | 255085 255050 |
| Deputy Collector (Land Acquisition) | 255211 |
| Collectorate | 255010 |
| Finance Officer | 255211 Ext 1 |
| Tahsildar, Kasargod Taluk | 230021 Mobile : 9447030021 |
| Tahsildar, Hosdurg Taluk | 204042 (04672) Mobile : 9447494042 |
| Tahsildar, (R.R), Kasargod | 230021 |
| Spl. Tahsildar, (Land Acq.), Kasargod | 230021 |
| Spl. Tahsildar, (Land Acq., Railway), Kasargod | 230021 |
| Spl. Tahsildar, (L.R), Kasargod | 230021 |
| Spl. Tahsildar, (L.R.) Kanhangad at Nileshwar | 704042 |
HOSDURG TALUK Phone : Area : 90458.13 sq.kms. Residential Houses 74010 Households 74393 [1991 Census] Total Male Female Population 413020 201886 211134 Children (Age 0-6) 60393 30631 29762 Scheduled Caste 38483 19115 19368 Scheduled Tribe 5933 2961 2972 Literates 297793 154044 143749--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Law and Order | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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